Ashad, the Lone Cyberman — ruling 1

Casualty 2 means "As an additional cost to cast this spell, you may sacrifice a creature with power 2 or greater." and "When you cast this spell, if a casualty cost was paid for it, copy it. If the spell has any targets, you may choose new targets for the copy."

Ashad, the Lone Cyberman — ruling 2

You may sacrifice only one creature to pay a spell's casualty cost, and you copy the spell only once.

Ashad, the Lone Cyberman — ruling 3

If you pay the casualty cost of a spell, the copy will resolve before the original spell.

Ashad, the Lone Cyberman — ruling 4

The copy of the spell is created on the stack, so it's not "cast." Abilities that trigger when a player casts a spell won't trigger.

Ashad, the Lone Cyberman : règles, fonctionnement et interactions (MTG)

Ashad, the Lone Cyberman is one of those cards players keep asking about. Here is, in plain words, what its official text says, the rulings published by Wizards of the Coast, and the combos players actually run.

Official card text

The first nonlegendary artifact spell you cast each turn has casualty 2. (As you cast it, you may sacrifice a creature with power 2 or greater. When you do, copy it. A copy of an artifact spell becomes a token.) Whenever you sacrifice another creature, put a +1/+1 counter on Ashad.

How it works : Ashad, the Lone Cyberman

Original English text — Wizards of the Coast / Scryfall

#1October 13, 2023· Wizards of the Coast
Casualty 2 means "As an additional cost to cast this spell, you may sacrifice a creature with power 2 or greater." and "When you cast this spell, if a casualty cost was paid for it, copy it. If the spell has any targets, you may choose new targets for the copy."
No other card is named in this ruling.
#2October 13, 2023· Wizards of the Coast
You may sacrifice only one creature to pay a spell's casualty cost, and you copy the spell only once.
No other card is named in this ruling.
#3October 13, 2023· Wizards of the Coast
If you pay the casualty cost of a spell, the copy will resolve before the original spell.
No other card is named in this ruling.
#4October 13, 2023· Wizards of the Coast
The copy of the spell is created on the stack, so it's not "cast." Abilities that trigger when a player casts a spell won't trigger.
No other card is named in this ruling.