Memory Worm — ruling 1

Paradox abilities count any spells cast from zones other than your hand. These are usually spells cast from exile, the graveyard, or the command zone. They also count spells cast from outside the game, such as spells cast with Wish or Garth One-Eye's ability.

Memory Worm — ruling 2

An instant or sorcery that counts how many spells you've cast from anywhere other than your hand, such as Surge of Brilliance, counts itself if it was cast from a zone other than your hand.

Memory Worm — ruling 3

A triggered ability that triggers when a spell is cast from anywhere other than your hand, such as that of The Thirteenth Doctor, functions only on the battlefield, so it doesn't trigger when you cast that spell from a zone other than your hand.

Memory Worm — ruling 4

If a spell or ability allows you to copy a spell on the stack but doesn't specify that the spell is cast, that spell wasn't cast and won't be counted by paradox abilities. However, if a spell or ability allows you to cast a copy of a spell, that spell will be counted for paradox abilities.

Memory Worm : règles, fonctionnement et interactions (MTG)

Memory Worm is one of those cards players keep asking about. Here is, in plain words, what its official text says, the rulings published by Wizards of the Coast, and the combos players actually run.

Official card text

Paradox — Whenever you cast a spell from anywhere other than your hand, this creature deals 2 damage to target player. That player discards a card, then draws a card. Put a +1/+1 counter on this creature.

How it works : Memory Worm

Original English text — Wizards of the Coast / Scryfall

#1October 13, 2023· Wizards of the Coast
Paradox abilities count any spells cast from zones other than your hand. These are usually spells cast from exile, the graveyard, or the command zone. They also count spells cast from outside the game, such as spells cast with Wish or Garth One-Eye's ability.
No other card is named in this ruling.
#2October 13, 2023· Wizards of the Coast
An instant or sorcery that counts how many spells you've cast from anywhere other than your hand, such as Surge of Brilliance, counts itself if it was cast from a zone other than your hand.
No other card is named in this ruling.
#3October 13, 2023· Wizards of the Coast
A triggered ability that triggers when a spell is cast from anywhere other than your hand, such as that of The Thirteenth Doctor, functions only on the battlefield, so it doesn't trigger when you cast that spell from a zone other than your hand.
No other card is named in this ruling.
#4October 13, 2023· Wizards of the Coast
If a spell or ability allows you to copy a spell on the stack but doesn't specify that the spell is cast, that spell wasn't cast and won't be counted by paradox abilities. However, if a spell or ability allows you to cast a copy of a spell, that spell will be counted for paradox abilities.
No other card is named in this ruling.